Organon F
Volume 28, May 2021, Issue 2, Pages 420–457
ISSN 2585-7150 (online) ISSN 1335-0668 (print)
Research Article
Conclusions of Practical Argument: A Speech Act Analysis
Marcin Lewiński
https://doi.org/10.31577/orgf.2021.28207
Conclusions of theoretical reasoning are assertions—or at least speech acts belonging to the class of assertives, such as hypotheses, predictions or estimates. What, however, are the conclusions of practical reasoning? Employing the concepts of speech act theory, in this paper I investigate which speech acts we perform when we’re done with an instance of a practical argument and present its result in a linguistic form. To this end, I first offer a detailed scheme of practical argument suitable for an external pragmatic account (rather than an internal cognitive account). Resorting to actual examples, I then identify a class of action-inducing speech acts as characteristic conclusions of practical argument. I argue that these speech acts—promises, orders, pieces of advice, proposals, and others—differ chiefly depending on the agent of the action induced (me, us, you, them) and their illocutionary strength.
Illocution; practical argument; practical reasoning; speech acts.
Author
Marcin Lewiński 
Affiliation
Nova Institute of Philosophy, Nova University of Lisbon
Address
Campus de Campolide – Colégio Almada Negreiros 1099-032 Lisboa, Portugal.
Received
19 June 2019
Accepted
21 April 2020
Published online
23 March 2021
Publishers
Institute of Philosophy of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences
APA
Lewiński, M. (2021). Conclusions of Practical Argument: A Speech Act Analysis. Organon F, 28(2), 420–457. https://doi.org/10.31577/orgf.2021.28207
Chicago
Lewiński, Marcin. 2021. "Conclusions of Practical Argument: A Speech Act Analysis." Organon F 28 (2): 420–457. https://doi.org/10.31577/orgf.2021.28207
Harvard
Lewiński, M. (2021). Conclusions of Practical Argument: A Speech Act Analysis. Organon F, 28(2), pp. 420–457. https://doi.org/10.31577/orgf.2021.28207
© Marcin Lewiński
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